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Fossilization example - Replacement

(unnumbered) Petrified wood often exhibits a combination of replacement and permineralization. This specimen clearly shows how the cell walls have been replaced with minerals. The cells themselves are also filled in some cases.

Fossilization example - Replacement - Pyritization

(DSM #M410) This Turritellid snail has been completely replaced with the mineral pyrite. Some pyrite nodules have also begun to form and grow.

Fossilization example - Replacement - Pyritization

(DSM #10565) This brachiopod has had its shell partially replaced by the mineral pyrite. Pyrite is also known as fool's gold.

Fossilization: The How and Why of Fossil Formation

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Thumbnail of Fossilization Video

Fragment of mammoth/mastodon ivory

(no number) Preserved ivory varies widely in appearance from one site to the next, but the tusk itself can easily be mistaken for petrified wood because it forms concentric rings as the animal grows. Tusk fragments are generally thin, with a slight…

Frankenstein at work in his laboratory

This is an illustration from the book of Frankenstein at work in his laboratory. It is a black and white sketch of Frankenstein over the skeleton of The Monster. There are science instruments surrounding the skeleton.