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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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<p>Jackson Miss<br />March 20th 1874</p>
<p>To<br />His Excellency<br />A—Ames</p>
<p>Governor,</p>
<p>The undersigned would respectfully recommend That you grant to J. P. Ball Sr now confined in the Penitentiary a pardon for the Crime of Embezlement for which he is now suffering the of the law.</p>
<p>Very Respectfully<br />Chas W Clarke<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/w--h--harris--washington-count">W H Harris</a><span> </span>Rep from Washington Co<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-h--morgan--washington-cou">J. H. Morgan</a><span> </span>Rep Washington<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/james-s--simmons--issaquena-wa">Jas Simmons</a><span> </span>Washington<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Wm Gray</a><span> </span>Senator 21 dist</p>
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Title
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Petition to Governor Ames
Description
An account of the resource
Petition from several legislators to Governor Ames, requesting the pardon of a convict named J. P. Ball, Sr.
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1874-03-20
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/james-s--simmons--issaquena-wa"><span style="font-weight:400;">Simmons, James S., 1847-</span></a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-h--morgan--washington-cou">Morgan, John H., active 1870-1875</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/w--h--harris--washington-count">Harris, W. H., active 1874-1889</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>
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Document at the <a href="https://cwrgm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Civil War & Reconstruction Governors of Mississippi Project</a>. Original held at the Mississippi Department of Archives & History.
ames
gray
morgan
simmons
wh harris
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ca61ed1577bf54e537b61d32efae711e
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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<p>Greenville, Miss., Feby 18th 1874.</p>
<p>Hon. A. Ames.</p>
<p>Dear Sir.</p>
<p>I learned a few moments ago of a Petition that is being Circulated amoung the Citizens of this City directed to you, requesting that the Bill introduced by the Hon<span> </span><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Wm Gray</a>, intitled an “Act to provid for a city Court in the Town of Greenville” be vetoed by you in case it passes the Legislature. Of that petition permit me to say that with a verry few exceptions every sighner of that petition is a Democrat, and of the rest I have spoken personaly to all but (2) two and they have requested that their names be forthwith erased therefrom.</p>
<p>Farther. The Citizens of Greenville have wished a City Court for (2) two or (3) three years as the minutes of the varrious town meetings will show. The real cause of objection to the present Bill is that there is a provision Contained therein making the ocupant of the office appointin by your Exelency, they concuring that there would be but little hope of getting a Democrat, (or as they are caled, “Alcorn Republican”) appointed. The Republicans as they have expressed themselves, are in favor of the Bill. to wit. Col W. H. Bolton. R. H. Brentlinger, J. I Lengsfield J. L. Griffin and the Col<sup>d</sup><span> </span>Republicans to a man.</p>
<p>Now the whole matter is fight between the Regular Republicans, and the oposition be their names, what it may. With many appol-ogys for the time I have ocupied.</p>
<p>I am truly your obt. sert.<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen. Ross.</a></p>
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Letter from J. Allen Ross to Governor Ames
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Letter from Jacob Allen Ross to Governor Adelbert Ames
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Ross, Jacob Allen
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1874-02-18
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross, Jacob Allen</a>; <span>Ames, Adelbert, 1835-1933; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>; Greenville (Miss.)</span>
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Part of a document at the <a href="https://cwrgm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Civil War & Reconstruction Governors of Mississippi Project</a>. Original held at the Mississippi Department of Archives & History.
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greenville
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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<p>Jackson Miss<br />May 13th 1871</p>
<p>His Excellency<br />Gov J. L. Alcorn<br />Jackson Miss</p>
<p>We the undersigned have the honor to suggest the name of<span> </span><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/blanche-kelso-bruce">B. K. Bruce</a>, Esq. as a suitable person for appointment as one of the Trustees of Alcorn University</p>
<p>O. S. Miles<br />Geo. S. Smith<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wm Gray</a><br />John [?]<br />C A Sullivan 18th Dist</p>
<p>A. S. Dowd<br />A Warner<br />H. Musgrove<br />R C Powers<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/robert-gleed--lowndes-county-" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">R. Gleed</a><br />W. S. Rushing<br />Mygatt<br />Finis K. Little<br />W A Gibbs<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/thomas-w--stringer--warren-cou" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thos W. Stringer</a><br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jeremiah-m--p--williams--adams" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">J. M. P. Williams</a><span> </span>4th<br />A. T. Morgan 13th Dist<br />H. M. Paine 26th Dist.<br />Jos Bennett 8th Dist<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/charles-caldwell--hinds-county" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Chas. Calwell</a><br />Jno Watts<br />R. C. Leachman</p>
<p>Governor, I respectfully refer you to the Hon<span> </span><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/hiram-rhodes-revels" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">H. R. Revels</a><span> </span>for further information in regard to me</p>
<p><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/blanche-kelso-bruce">B. K. Bruce</a></p>
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Petition to support Blanche K. Bruce as a trustee of Alcorn University
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Petition to Governor Alcorn supporting Blanche K. Bruce as a trustee of Alcorn University.
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1871-05-13
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<span style="font-weight:400;"><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/blanche-kelso-bruce">Bruce, Blanche Kelso, 1841-1898</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jeremiah-m--p--williams--adams">Williams, J. M. P. (Jeremiah M. P.), -1884</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/thomas-w--stringer--warren-cou">Stringer, Thomas W., 1815-1893</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/robert-gleed--lowndes-county-">Gleed, Robert, 1836-1916</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/charles-caldwell--hinds-county">Caldwell, Charles, -1875</a>; Alcorn University</span>
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Part of the <a href="https://cwrgm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Civil War & Reconstruction Governors of Mississippi Project</a>. Original held at the Mississippi Department of Archives & History.
alcorn
alcorn university
bruce
caldwell
gleed
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jmp williams
stringer
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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Signature of William Gray
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Signature of William Gray from an 1871 petition supporting Blanche K. Bruce as a trustee of Alcorn University.
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Gray, William, 1841-1919
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1871-05-13
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>
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Part of a document at the <a href="https://cwrgm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Civil War & Reconstruction Governors of Mississippi Project</a>. Original held at the Mississippi Department of Archives & History.
gray
signatures
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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A DEMOCRATIC CANVASS.<br /><br />The means employed by the Mississippi Democrats to defeat their political opponents are quite as numerous as they are ingenious and violent. The general plan of the last campaign was the intimidation of Republican leaders, for it was well known that the complete demoralization of the masses would immediately follow. Even Democrats admit that "the white people were never so aroused;" all over the State they warned prominent black men that they would have to give up politics or run the risk of being shot, and by of emphasizing these threats they did indeed kill a large number of negro leaders. I make this statement after careful inquiry and upon the best authority; it cannot be successfully contradicted, for it is true. There is no evidence that the white people banded themselves together to commit these outrages, but there was a general understanding that the State should be free from negro rule, no matter what the cost. It is only just to state in this connection that the white men, the property owners, had suffered many wrongs at the hands of colored officials. Many of the more conservative men of the Democratic party professed to deplore the acts of their lawless associates, but they made no effort to prevent the wrongs which were put upon the black men, and they were ever ready to wink at even the most terrible outrages. It was not always necessary to commit crime, however; in many cases the timid negroes were easily subdued by threats and what are known here as "warnings." This was the case in Washington county, where the colored men had a majority of 3,000 but polled only a few hundred votes. In this district the Democrats bought up a number of negroes who had been repudiated by their party but who still claimed to be Republicans. They sent these men to all the political meetings held by the negroes in the county, instructed them to make all the noise and confusion possible, and in order that the work of breaking up the meeting might be more effectually done numbers of well-armed white men were always on hand to protect the negro renegades. In Greenville one of the colored men thus secured by the whites was a mulatto named <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen Ross</a>, who at one time had great influence among the negroes. Because of his prominence, he was particularly disliked by the whites, and three attempts were made to take his life. At one time his arm was shot off, and he received several other serious wounds. He forgot these injuries when they bought him over. Acting under instructions from the white leaders, he attended most of the meetings held in and about Greenville, and in many cases succeeded in breaking them up. At one of these gatherings, State Senator <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, a colored man, was the speaker, and <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>, as was his custom, interrupted him frequently by asking irrelevant questions. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> answered one or two of them, but at length becoming tired of the interruption, said quietly, "I can't answer any more of your questions, sir." Upon this, one of a number of white men, who was supporting <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>, leveled his gun at <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, and said, "Answer him, you black ------ ------, or get down from that stand." <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, fearing for his life, left the stand, and the meeting broke up. It was the last one held in Greenville. In Lowndes county another species of outrage was resorted to for the purpose of defeating the Republican ticket. A colored man named <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/robert-gleed--lowndes-county-">Gleeds</a> was the leader in the district, and was a candidate for Sheriff. A few nights before the election the young white men and boys of Columbus, where <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/robert-gleed--lowndes-county-">Gleeds</a> lived, set fire to an old shanty near his house, and to a deserted log cabin in another part of the village, then they ran through the streets crying, "Defend your homes, the niggers have set fire to the town." Pistols were at once drawn and three black men were killed, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/robert-gleed--lowndes-county-">Gleeds</a> fled to Jackson, the Republican organization was broken up, and the Democrats carried the county by a large majority. In Warren county, of which Vicksburg is the principal city, and in which the negroes have a majority of seven to one, the Democratic canvass was begun on that memorable 7th of November when seventy negroes were massacred. This was followed by the trouble in July, when three black men were killed, and the result was that the Republicans held no meetings and virtually gave up the contest. To make their success doubly sure, the Democrats, through some unknown agent of whom they prefer to have no knowledge, tried to kill Crosby, the negro Sheriff and Republican leader. He was standing in a drinking saloon in Vicksburg just behind a wire screen, which was placed in front of the door, when suddenly a shot was fired, a ball came through the screen, and Crosby fell to the floor. He was severely wounded in the head, and fearing for his life left Mississippi. It is perhaps unnecessary to state that the Democrats carried Warren co. In Yazoo county, where there is a negro majority of 3,800, it is a notorious fact there were only seven Republican votes cast. The Democrats rid themselves of the Republican leader of the county in a somewhat novel fashion. He was a prominent member of the Legislature named <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/james-g--patterson--yazoo-coun">Patterson</a>. Shortly before the election somebody killed a negro, the whites swore it was an outrage, and said <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/james-g--patterson--yazoo-coun">Patterson</a> was to blame; then, without judge or jury, they took him out of his bed and hung him. The Democrats carried Yazoo by a majority of 4,000.<br /><br />THE REPUBLICANS DEMORALIZED.<br /><br />By these and similar acts of violence the Democrats succeeded in breaking up the Republican organization in Mississippi. Their efforts were ably seconded by certain discontented leaders. General Grant's refusal to send troops into the State was "the last straw that broke the camel's back," and today the negro voters are demoralized and without hope or spirit. They know that they cannot expect to carry the coming election, for the Democrats assure them that if necessary they will conduct the canvass precisely as they did the last one. They make no secret as to their intentions. To-day, in a public dining-saloon, in the hearing of half a dozen persons, I asked a prominent Democrat from Vicksburg how many negroes were killed during the last political campaign? "Oh, three or four dozen," was his cool reply. "And how many will you have to kill to carry the next election?" I asked. He thought a moment and then said, laughing: "Not many, I hope, but we must win." This was said jocosely, but nevertheless it conveys a very good idea of the feelings of the Democrats. They don't want to kill negroes, but they must carry the election. -<em>Special Correspondence of the New York Times.</em>
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<em>Daily Evening Express</em> clipping
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Daily Evening Express
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1876-05-08
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross, Jacob Allen</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/robert-gleed--lowndes-county-">Gleed, Robert</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/james-g--patterson--yazoo-coun">Patterson, James G., -1875</a>; Lynching--Mississippi
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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Resolved, That as citizens of Washington county, in mass meeting assembled, from the evidences now promulgated, we believe that the legal and burdensome taxes that are annually paid in this county are misappropriated by the Tax Collectors, and not properly accounted for; and that we, as citizens and Republicans denounce and condemn all such corrupt acts of Winslow, Sheriff, and his deputy, L. T. Webber, as unjust and a great wrong upon the people of this, the county of Washington.<br /><br />Resolved, That they are respectfully requested to resign the positions they now hold by the sufferance of the people, and that they have perverted to their own inordinate gains.<br /><br />Resolved, That L. T. Webber, under the guise of loyalty, and in the name of the Republican party, foisted himself into office, and seized the administration of this the people of Washington county, to whom he is alike an alien and a stranger.<br /><br />Resolved, That a continuation of this cunningly devised and very complete system of robbery must lead to a general prostration of the material interests of the people of the county, and ultimately bring upon their heads the vengeance of a wronged and an outraged people.<br /><br />Resolved, That we unhesitatingly denounce fraud in all of its phases, and particularly the frauds of officials - and that we extend to investigating committees our earnest support to suppress the corruptions that now exist in the Sheriff's office of Washington county.<br /><br />Resolved, That the Greenville Times be requested to publish the resolutions adopted at this meeting, with the request that all papers friendly be requested to copy.<br /><br />The above resolutions presented by the committee on resolutions, was received by the meeting. A minority report signed by Major O'Hea and Hardy Fields, of the committee, was presented against the writing of names, which report, upon motion of Hon. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Wm. Gray</a>, was laid on the table. And the report of the majority of the committee, signed by<br />Hon. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. A. ROSS</a>,<br />" <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">J. D. WEBSTER</a>,<br />" J. I. LENGSFIELD<br />A. D. ALDRIDGE, Esq.<br />E. C. FIRTH,<br />was unanimously adopted.<br /><br />Strong speeches were made by Hons. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Wm. Gray</a>, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">J. D. Webster</a>, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. A. Ross</a>, A. W. Shadd and others, condemning the frauds committed upon the people of this the county of Washington by the Court House ring.
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<em>Weekly Democrat-Times </em>clipping
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Weekly Democrat-Times
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1875-05-08
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross, Jacob Allen</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">Webster, John D., -1887</a>
gray
jd webster
ross
washington county
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL.<br /><br />Two Officials from Mississippi are Refused Admission to a Sleeping Car, and intend Bringing Suit to Vindicate their Rights.<br /><br />From the Louisville Commercial, April 28.<br /><br />In the Commercial yesterday morning mention was made of the fact that two colored officials from the State of Mississippi had been refused admission to a sleeping car on the Louisville, Nashville and Great Southern Railroad. They were Hon. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">William Gray</a>, representing the Twenty-ninth Senatorial District in the State Senate and Brigadier-general of the State militia, and Major <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen Ross</a>, Adjutant on the Governor's staff. They had been traveling North on special business connected with State affairs, and were on their return home.<br /><br />They purchased first-class tickets at the railroad office, corner of Fourth and Main, and went to the depot Monday night to take the night express for Memphis, being accompanied by several friends whom they had been visiting in the city. Shortly before the train left they started to enter a first-class car, but were refused admission and abruptly ordered to go into the forward car. They asked if the other car was a ladies' car, to which they received the reply, "No; but you can't go in there."<br /><br />Major <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> had, previously to this, noticed a number of men standing on the platform, who appeared to be closely watching the General and himself. The crowd had increased as they approached the car, and was somewhat demonstrative, and thinking that if they persisted in demanding their rights that violence would be used, he suggested to Mr. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> that it would be better for them to leave, as he saw very plainly that it was the determination to keep them out of the cars.<br /><br />They had urgent business that demanded their presence in Memphis last evening, and would have gone on, despite the indignity offered, but the health of Major <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> was such that he felt as if he could not sit up all night and stand the fatigue of the ride, and so they left the depot and went back to the house of their friend, where they had been stopping.<br /><br />They state that at the time they left the house on Tenth street to go to the depot a policeman was standing on the pavement, but left as soon as they did, and was a prominent feature in the crowd at the depot.<br /><br />General <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> and Major <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> have traveled a good deal both North and South, and state that they have never met with such indignity before, except in 1874, when Mr. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> had occasion to pass through Louisville, on his way to Washington. They are both educated and highly respectable men, and always conduct themselves in a gentlemanly manner.<br /><br />Mr. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> has represented his district, which is one of the wealthiest in the State, in the Senate for six years. He has taken a prominent part in the affairs of Mississippi, and has won for himself the respect of all unprejudiced minds. For several years he has held the position of Brigadier-general in the State militia.<br /><br />Major <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> formerly represented Washington County in the Legislature, and is at present practicing law at Greenville. He was in the army during the war and lost an arm.<br /><br />They have suffered considerable loss by being delayed here, and announce their intention of bringing suit against the company, under the civil rights law, in the United States Court for the Northern District of Mississippi.
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<em>Weekly Mississippi Pilot</em> clipping
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Weekly Mississippi Pilot
Date
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1875-05-08
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross, Jacob Allen</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>; Segregation; Civil rights
civil rights
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ross
segregation
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https://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/files/original/fb99de0b42978733f85fba603ee88e75.PNG
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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AFFRAY IN GREENVILLE.<br /><br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen Ross</a> Dangerously Wounded, and Parson <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> a Fugitive.<br /><br />To Refuse a Negro Credit is an Insult that can Only be Atoned for with Blood!<br /><br />From a passenger on the steamer City of Vicksburg, which arrived yesterday, we learn some particulars of a bloody affray that occurred in Greenville, Washington county, last Thursday, in which those negro outlaws, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen Ross</a>, and Governor Ames' Brigadier-General of Militia, Parson <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, were participants.<br /><br />It seems that some two months since, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> proposed to purchase from Messrs. Brill & Bros., dealers in gentlemen's furnishing goods, a suit of clothes on a credit. Not liking the investment, Messrs. B. & Bros. declined the negotiation. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> regarded this refusal to sell him goods on a credit as a gross insult, and last Thursday he went into the store and commenced abusing one of the firm for that refusal. Being ordered to leave the premises, he retired with the remark that he would return and "fix him." <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> at once crossed the street to where <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen Ross</a> was standing, and after a few hurried words of consultation, they both proceeded to the store of Brill & Brothers. Entering the store first, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> said to Mr. Brill, "you have insulted my friend, Mr. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, and <em>I</em> have come to settle it," and at once drawing a revolver commenced firing at Mr. Brill. The fire was promptly returned, and <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> was wounded in the face, head and neck. When our informant left Greenville, it was not known how severely <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> was wounded, or whether his injuries were likely to prove mortal. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, Ames' redoubtable Brigadier General, fled at the first fire, like the cowardly hound he is, and made his way to the country, where it is said he was endeavoring to have the negroes arm and march on Greenville to avenge the shooting of <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>.<br /><br />The white citizens of Greenville picketed the roads Thursday night, and on Friday everything was quiet up to 9 o'clock p.m. Warrants were issued by a Magistrate for the arrest of <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, and <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">Webster</a>, another negro politician, on the charge of inciting the negroes to violence. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> was unable to attend, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> could not be found, and <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">Webster</a> gave bail in the sum of $1000 for his appearance when wanted.<br /><br />We are informed that <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> and <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> smashed the windows of a wholesale liquor house in Greenville, Wednesday night, to avenge a similar insult put upon them by the proprietors - that is, a refusal to sell them goods on a credit. These vagabonds have been the terror of the county for months. They have kept the peacable people of Greenville and Washington county in a perpetual turmoil, and we rejoice in the hope that <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> has received his quietus, and that <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> will soon meet his reward at the end of a strong rope. They are both desperadoes, and are a curse to any community, but they are just the kind of scoundrels that find favor with Governor Ames.
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<em>Vicksburg Herald</em> clipping
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Vicksburg Herald
Date
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1875-08-15
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross, Jacob Allen</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>
gray
greenville
ross
violence
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8aae5443f08e994d474b1b73ed3c499c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
Creator
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
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Meeting of Citizens.<br /><br />Greenville Times.]<br /><br />Pursuant to a call made by some colored men in regard to the present state of excitement in this and adjoining States, the citizens of the town of Greenville, without regard to race, color or former condition, met at Johnson's Hall, and organized by electing Dr. C. W. Lewis as Chairman, and A. G. Pearce as Secretary.<br /><br />The Chairman stated in brief the object of the meeting, namely: That both parties had met together for the purpose of talking over and arranging any supposed wrongs and grievances inflicted by one race upon the other, with a view to a better understanding in regard to their mutual rights and privileges, and to the allaying of an erroneous impression now existing to the effect that discord, hatred and strife exists between the two races in this community.<br /><br />On motion of Senator <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> a committee of seven was appointed by the chair to draw resolutions expressive of the feelings and sentiments of the meeting; whereupon the chair appointed as such committee: Oliver Winslow, W. A. Percy, J. W. Piles, W. R. Trigg, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. A. Ross</a>, Jacob Alexander and Ham Green.<br /><br />During the appointing of the committee and before it retired, speeches were made by Col. Percy, Mr. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>, Senator <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> and Squire Harris, upon the question of the resolutions, the good feeling which has now and at all times existed in the town of Greenville, and of this county generally, and the mutual dependence of one race upon the other. The committee having retired, speeches were made by Mr. Shadd and Mr. Joshua Skinner, strongly endorsing the object of the meeting. The committee having returned with the following report, which was read by Col. Percy, viz:<br /><br />Whereas, it has been ascertained that sundry rumors are current as to an impending conflict between the races in this town; and whereas, the peace of our community was never more unbroken than at present, and said rumors are utterly without foundation, and are attributable solely to an excited state of public feeling consequent upon disturbances in other parts of the country; and whereas, the citizens of this community, of both races, are desirous of maintaining its present peaceful and prosperous condition, it is therefore resolved,<br /><br />1st. That we all recognize the fact that the white and black races of this community are mutually dependent upon each other for their prosperity and well-being; that we pledge ourselves to preserve and maintain the present kindly feeling existing between the two races, and will regard with horror and disgust any attempt to produce unfriendly feeling, or bring on a conflict between them.<br /><br />2d. That we have the utmost confidence in the will and ability of the town authorities to repress all disturbances and check all disorder, and hold ourselves at all times in readiness to obey any call of the lawfully constituted authorities made in the interests of peace and good order.<br /><br />3d. That we call upon all citizens to refrain from intemperate language or disorderly conduct, to seek redress for all private grievances alone in the courts of justice, and to foster and cultivate between themselves those kindly relations which a common interest and enlightened humanity alike dictate.<br /><br />4th. That either the organization or arming of the militia, whether taken from both races equally or from one alone, or any other organization military in its nature, would be in our judgment wholly without cause, entirely unnecessary and productive only of unmixed evil; that we would deprecate as an act most injurious to the public good the sending of public arms by the State authorities to this point, and would recommend that the public arms now here be returned to Jackson.<br /><br />Resolved, That the Secretary of this meeting is hereby instructed to forward a copy of these resolutions to his Excellency the Governor.<br /><br />O. WINSLOW,<br />HAM GREEN,<br />W. A. PERCY,<br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. ALLEN ROSS</a>,<br />JACOB ALEXANDER,<br />W. R. TRIGG,<br />J. W. PILES.
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<em>Vicksburg Herald</em> clipping
Creator
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Vicksburg Herald
Date
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1874-08-26
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<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross, Jacob Allen</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>
gray
greenville
ross
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861726f8885165c4fa078d211840aef0
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Against All Odds: The First Black Legislators in Mississippi
Creator
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DeeDee Baldwin<br /><em>Assistant Professor, History Research Librarian</em><br /><a href="mailto:dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu">dbaldwin@library.msstate.edu</a>
Text
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The Greenville Shooting Affair.<br /><br />What <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen Ross</a> Got for Meddling.<br /><br />RADICAL RIOTERS.<br /><br />One of Ames' Colored Brigadiers in the Row.<br /><br />Vicksburg Herald.]<br /><br />GREENVILLE, Aug. 15, 1875.<br /><br />The career of lawless insolence so long indulged in by the Rev. Senator <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> and the Rev. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">J. Allen Ross</a>, <em>and encouraged by the officers of the law</em>, produced its legitimate and long expected result on Thursday afternoon.<br /><br /><a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, simply because the Brill Bros., (quiet, respectable citizens, who keep a clothing and furnishing store,) had declined, some time before, to sell him a suit of clothes on credit, accompanied by the Hon. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">J. D. Webster</a> and other ruffians, made a most wanton and unprovoked attack on one of the Brills, at the time quietly sitting in front of his own store, and was arrested by the town Marshal before he had done any damage to Brill. As soon as arrested he sent a messenger for <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>, who was at the time engaged in a game of <em>draw</em> in a saloon not far off, to come to his assistance, as the "white men were imposing on him." In response to this call, made by <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, who in the meantime had given bond for his appearance, with <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">Webster</a> as surety, and had returned to the immediate vicinity of Brill's store, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> soon arrived, inquired of <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> who had insulted him, and learning that Brill was the offender, rushed into the store and up to Brill, who was standing behind his counter, and asked him how he dared to insult his friend, then struck or pushed him back, and at once drew his pistol and commenced firing at him. His first shot missed Brill, who managed to get a Derringer out of the cash drawer, with which he shot <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> in the face, the ball passing through his nose. This shot probably blinded <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>, for his second shot at Brill entered the ceiling, and the rest of his shooting was very wild. As soon as the shooting commenced two or three citizens rushed into Brill's store. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> turned and pointed his pistol at them, and they commenced firing at him, striking him twice, once in the neck and once in the shoulder-blade, neither shot penetrating deep enough to do much harm; and <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> made his escape to his own house, where he still remains. The community were fearfully excited; reports were freely circulated that <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> had sent out runners into the country to call in the negroes with arms. The whites quickly turned out with arms, prepared to defend themselves, and determined to submit no longer to similar outrages; and any imprudence at this time would, doubtless have led to most serious consequences. The police force was largely increased; a meeting of citizens was held, at which it was resolved to tender to the Mayor a party of twenty-five men, to act under his orders as special police in keeping peace, and as many more as he might need. This body was accepted by the Mayor, and in conjunction with the police, kept guard during the night. On the next morning, the Mayor and Council waited upon Judge Shackleford and inquired of him if he would as conservator of the peace take cognizance of the cases of parties engaged in the disturbances of the day, that might properly be brought before him, experience having taught that to bring them before any of the Magistrates here would be but a mockery and farce. Judge Shackleford having replied in the affirmative, the Mayor caused the Marshal to make the affidavits against <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a>, <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a>, and <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">Webster</a>, and himself, at the request of their counsel, made affidavit against the then white men engaged in the shooting viz: Freelay, Brill and Vaughn, who voluntarily appeared, and waving examination, gave bonds of $1000 each (the same fixed by Judge S.) for their appearance at the Circuit Court. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> could not be found. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross</a> was reported too sick to be removed from his house. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">Webster</a> was arrested and tried. The charge against him, of an assault with intent to kill, was not sustained, and he was discharged by Judge Shackleford, although the evidence disclosed the fact that he was clearly an aider and abettor of <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> in his attack upon the Brills, and that he urged him to resist arrest. <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray</a> was arrested yesterday and released on his personal recognizance to appear before Judge S. to-morrow.
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<em>Clarion-Ledger </em>clipping
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Clarion-Ledger
Date
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1875-08-18
Subject
The topic of the resource
<a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/jacob-allen-ross--washington-c">Ross, Jacob Allen</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/william-gray--washington-count">Gray, William, 1841-1919</a>; <a href="http://msstate-exhibits.libraryhost.com/exhibits/show/legislators/john-d--webster--washington-co">Webster, John D., -1887</a>
crime
gray
greenville
ross
violence
webster